by Andrey SHVARTZ, Verisity Architectonics Paris, France
AbstractVerification managers affianced in circuitous IC development projects are beneath connected burden to abate the time and amount of verification, yet they abridgement the all-important resources. This arrangement articulates how reusable analysis components, and an basal analysis reclaim alignment are capital elements to analysis abundance gains. The issues that charge be dealt with are delineated and the requirements of a complete analysis reclaim alignment are outlined. Verisity’s e Reclaim Alignment (eRM™) is acclimated to body abounding of the key concepts.
IntroductionVerification has emerged as the distinct bigger aqueduct in circuitous ASIC, ASSP, and SoC architectonics projects [1]. Recent studies such as those from Collett International accept consistently appear that analysis consumes 60-70 percent of activity accomplishment for circuitous IC designs. SoCs in accurate present a massive analysis challenge. Not alone do they accommodate assorted anatomic blocks, they generally accept assorted operating modes. Accomplishing satisfactory analysis requires that the cantankerous artefact of all anatomic block interactions and all operating modes be tested. Clearly, analysis abundance charge be improved. Forth with added Cyberbanking Architectonics Automation vendors, Verisity has stepped up its efforts to accompany new analysis solutions. Verisity’s focus on analysis has yielded cogent advances in analysis methodology. Verisity’s Specman Elite anatomic analysis band-aid provides able engines to accomplish stimuli and administer anatomic coverage. Tightly affiliated with Specman Elite is the e analysis language, in which analysis environments are created. To admission analysis leverage, Verisity pioneered the abstraction of reusable analysis apparatus [2]. Accounting in e, they are accepted as eVCs™ (e Analysis Components).
e Analysis Apparatus (eVCs)An eVC™ is an e Analysis Component. It is a ready-to-use, configurable analysis environment, about absorption on a specific agreement or architectonics (such as Ethernet, AHB, Bluetooth, or USB).
eVCs are reusable, pre-verified, configurable, Plug and Play analysis components. “Using the eVC beneath a one year development activity by 6 weeks (i.e., over 10%). Even if we’d had those 6 weeks, afterwards Specman Elite, we still would not accept covered all accessible behaviors.”, said Laurent Savelli, Analysis Manager, STMicroelectronics, France. As eVCs are pre-verified, this reduces analysis accident and improves architectonics quality. And back eVCs are advised as general-purpose components, they can analyze all bend cases, including cases the accouterments artist adeptness not accept considered.
To bigger accept what makes a analysis basal reusable or not, let’s aboriginal appraise analysis apparatus in added detail. A complete analysis basal handles all the facets circuitous in accepting a accustomed protocol, interface or processor aural the accessory beneath analysis (DUT). This minimally includes the afterward items (see Figure 1):
Figure 1: Typical analysis component.
You can administer the eVC to your accessory beneath analysis (DUT) to verify your accomplishing of the eVC agreement or architecture. eVCs accelerate conception of a added able analysis bank for your DUT. They can assignment with both Verilog and VHDL accessories and with all HDL simulators that are accurate by Specman Elite™.
For example, bus-oriented analysis apparatus such as AMBA AHB or USB accommodate agents (masters, slaves) and bus argumentation (address decoder, arbiter) as able-bodied as added modules. These analysis apparatus instantiate a basal bus ambiance surrounding the DUT in adjustment to, actualize astute cartage scenarios, analysis for agreement adherence, and admeasurement anatomic advantage of the scenarios on the bus.
Verification apparatus are inherently reusable back they are encapsulated and are about targeted at a accepted specification. They can be reused back affective from module-level to chip-level to system-level analysis as able-bodied as back affective from activity to project.
Verification Reclaim Needs an Basal MethodologyTo explain why a complete analysis reclaim alignment is required, let’s accede some of the accepted difficulties encountered back application a analysis component. First, it is accessible to see that with all the functionality arranged central a analysis component, it charge be awful configurable to acquiesce anniversary user to acclimate it to their specific ambition DUT environment. In addition, apparatus charge accommodate themselves to actuality calmly controlled during simulation. Some specific issues allegorical these aspects of analysis apparatus include:
Second, best systems today absorb assorted protocols and interfaces, anniversary of which requires its own corresponding analysis component. Back assorted apparatus co-exist aural a distinct testbench, several added challenges are introduced:
Without a accepted in place, anniversary analysis basal developer resorts to developing his or her own civil methods and guidelines. Not alone does this decay admired time and accomplish the basal added difficult to use, it does not accomplish the ambition of ensuring interoperability amid apparatus that are created by altered developers.
By developing all the apparatus aural the anatomy of a single, constant methodology, they all accept the aforementioned attending and feel. As a result, afterwards arrive one such analysis component, a user will acquisition all the others accustomed and accessible to use, atom abundant time from the analysis agenda and convalescent quality. A reclaim alignment maximizes the abundance of a analysis component’s user as able-bodied as that of the component’s developer. By not re-inventing the caster for the elements accepted to all analysis components, the developer can focus on implementing the unique, value-added genitalia of their component.
We accept articular three capital requirements to aerate reusability:
The reusability account of any accustomed basal is anon proportional to how accessible it is for the user to accomplish the above. The abutting three sections of this cardboard call these analysis reclaim alignment requirements in added detail.
Avoiding Arrest amid Analysis Apparatus (Coexistence)It is generally all-important to amalgamate assorted apparatus from altered sources aural in a distinct testbench. In these cases it is acutely important to abstain arrest amid components. Such arrest may aftereffect from issues such as name amplitude collisions (e.g. class/object names, blazon names etc.), and/or annex on all-around settings (e.g. ambiance variables, testbench all-around settings etc.).
A reclaim alignment charge ascertain all the all-important rules such that anniversary analysis basal is encapsulated, absolute and unique. This eliminates the abeyant for hasty interactions with added components.
Ensuring Accepted Attending and Feel amid Analysis Apparatus (Commonality)When assorted analysis apparatus from altered sources are used, acquirements to use anniversary one is generally a time arresting process. Altered packaging and agenda structure, agreement approaches for components, affidavit standards, as able-bodied as altered approaches to breeding analysis scenarios all decidedly admission the time appropriate to set up the analysis basal in the user’s environment. Added issues, such as inconsistent mechanisms to ascendancy the runtime behavior of the component, trace (debug) letters formats, and absurdity letters (e.g. back a agreement abuse is detected), will admission the time spent debugging and fine-tuning the testbench. Assorted variations amid apparatus assuredly impacts the basal user’s productivity, and in turn, increases the abutment amount on the component’s developer. This impedes the developer’s adeptness to bear the basal to added users or to advance new components.
By defining standards for all the usercontrollable aspects, a complete reclaim alignment ensures that apparatus accept the aforementioned attending and feel, thereby decidedly abbreviation the acquirements ambit to adept anniversary new component. Furthermore, a distinct accepted apparatus can be activated to ascendancy all the apparatus consistently (e.g. axis trace letters on or off) rather than application a altered apparatus for anniversary component, as alone authentic by the component’s developer.
Facilitating Analysis Apparatus Interoperation (Cooperation)Ensuring that assorted analysis apparatus co-exist in the aforementioned testbench is necessary, but is not acceptable in accomplishing analysis goals. To accent the arrangement and adeptness bend cases, the user will charge to alike bearing and ascendancy of assorted sequences of operations performed by the assorted analysis components, as able-bodied as the blow of the testbench. Furthermore, the user will charge to alike accompanying operation of assorted apparatus on altered arrangement interfaces to drive synchronized system-level scenarios (see Figure 2). By defining a accepted apparatus to accurate such sequences of operations, and the adeptness to calmly mix sequences for assorted components, a reclaim alignment makes analysis autograph abundant added able and aboveboard for the user.
Figure 2: Synchronizing ascribe bearing amid assorted analysis apparatus is a key alignment requirement.
Controlling ascribe bearing is conceivably the best important aspect in a multi-component environment, but not the alone one. Another absorbing archetype is the allocation of end-oftest. With assorted analysis apparatus accompanying breeding and active inputs on several interfaces, a distinct basal cannot aloof stop the simulation back it has finished. A added centralized admission is appropriate to acquiesce all the instantiated analysis apparatus to abode that they are done, and alone again stop the simulation.
A complete reclaim alignment will ascertain all accepted mechanisms will be acclimated by every analysis component. This saves the user cogent time in free how to accomplish the assignment for anniversary alone analysis component.
Knowledge Alteration Capital to Reclaim Alignment SuccessEducation is an actually analytical aspect to the accepting and success of any methodology. It is capital for a alignment to be accompanied by training courses, complete coding examples (“Golden” analysis components), and absolute affidavit so that anybody circuitous in the analysis action employs the aforementioned techniques and standards. Another capital deliverable are templates for analysis components’ user guides and training classes. These additionally ensure that users are presented with advice in a constant fashion.
Compliance CheckingTo accommodate accord of apperception to both the basal developer and user, accoutrement to validate a accustomed component’s adherence to the alignment are needed. They accredit developers to be assertive they accept complied with the rules and accommodate aerial aplomb of the component’s account and interoperability. Similarly, basal users charge admission to the acquiescence testing results. They charge to be able to verify for themselves that the developer has absolutely lived up to the standards.
eRM: The e Reclaim MethodologyVerisity Design’s e Reclaim Methodology, or eRM for short, was advised to accommodated all the abstruse requirements articulate above. Drawing from over 350 man-years of the calm acquaintance of Verisity’s customers, partners, consulting engineers and centralized eVC developers, eRM delivers the best accepted methods for architecting, coding and packaging e-based analysis apparatus (eVCs). eVCs are analysis apparatus accounting in the e analysis language. The e language’s ability was advised accurately for verification. Reclaim and adaptability are axiological e accent architectonics principles. The e Reclaim Alignment (eRM) codifies the best convenance for developing e-based analysis apparatus and analysis environments (see Figure 3).
Figure3: eRM adjustable eVCs are complete analysis environments that actualize the abounding Specman Elite methodology.
eRM absolutely meets the analysis reclaim abstruse requirements as able-bodied as the ability alteration and acquiescence blockage requirements. Here are beneath key abstruse requirements forth with a description of how anniversary is addressed by eRM.
Methodology RequirementAvoid arrest amid analysis apparatus (coexistence).
eRM FunctionalityeRM defines allotment conventions rules, ability of timing settings and all-around settings, and abundant more.
Methodology RequirementEnsure accepted attending and feel to acquiesce accessible agreement and control
eRM FunctionalityeRM defines eVC architectonics and user interface standards including:
Methodology RequirementSynchronize assorted apparatus operations (cooperation).
eRM FunctionalityeRM defines several programming interfaces. In particular, it defines a arrangement construct, accepting an eVC user to calmly ascendancy sequences of affairs generated by the eVC. Anniversary eVC developer can accommodate a library of sequences with his eVC. Anniversary arrangement blazon in the library can accomplish assorted transactions, with some predefined anatomy authoritative that arrangement interesting. For example, a developer of an eVC that generates bursts of bus affairs can ascertain a arrangement that generates a beck consisting alone of continued bursts all of which accept a accepted aspect such as a accustomed abode range. A user can again adapt library sequences by authoritative ambit congenital into them. Furthermore, the user can assemble added intricate sequences by accumulation several basal ones from one or added eVCs (see archetype in Figure 4). This enables added absorbing scenarios to be exercised. For example, cartage on assorted interfaces of the DUT can be synchronized with anniversary arrangement basic from a altered eVC.
eRM additionally extends Verisity’s anatomic analysis tool, Specman Elite™, in several ways. One of the best important additions is a new assemble alleged Sequences. Sequences accredit eRM adjustable eVCs to accomplish and accord circuitous multi-transaction scenarios. Rather than accomplish anniversary account automatically, analysis developers can now calmly accomplish scenarios of assorted affairs and ascendancy them over time (see Figure 4).
Figure 4: Archetype of a multi-eVC ascribe book complete application eRM’s Arrangement feature.
To accomplish the accomplished amount of ability alteration possible, Verisity provides barter and eVC developers with an eRM Training course, three “Golden eVCs” (ideal coding examples), and all-encompassing documentation. Verisity additionally provides developers templates for eVC user guides and an eVC training classes. These templates ensure that eVC users are presented with advice about all eVCs in a constant fashion, absolute of the eVC’s developer.
To ensure that eVCs are absolutely eRM adjustable Verisity provides an eRM checklist. The account is organized in contemporary sections so it can be calmly apportioned out to assorted developers. Anniversary analysis is authentic as appropriate or alternative and a abode architecture is provided so users or barter can consistently appearance and analyze eVCs. The account after-effects are a appropriate account to be delivered with the eVC to be eRM compliant, and Verisity additionally posts the letters on the eVC Store web site.
SummaryVerisity, forth with added cyberbanking architectonics automation vendors, has stepped up its efforts to accompany new analysis solutions to admission analysis productivity. “Verification reclaim is acutely important to ST, decidedly for the ST Bus back it is a accepted agreement acclimated throughout ST. With Specman Elite we created a plug-and-play analysis basal — the ST Bus eVC– which we accept already delivered to several projects, enabling them to verify acclimation to this standard.”, said Jean-Marc Chateau Director of the Design, Consumer and Microcontroller Groups for ST. Verisity’s absolute focus on analysis has already yielded cogent advances. For example, over the accomplished two years Verisity pioneered the abstraction of reusable analysis apparatus (eVCs) and has invested heavily in a analysis reclaim alignment (eRM). Over that aforementioned time the cardinal of analysis apparatus accessible has developed dramatically–as of August 2002 over 70 eVCs had been created.
This accelerated advance in the cardinal of eVCs is attestation to the amount of analysis apparatus and their acceptance, but it has additionally brought about the charge for analysis reclaim standards. A analysis reclaim alignment maximizes reusability and interoperability and ensures a constant user experience. This arrangement has declared the attributes of analysis apparatus and the appropriate characteristics of a analysis reclaim methodology. It has additionally provided a abrupt addition to Verisity’s eRM, the e Reclaim Methodology, and explained how eRM absolutely meets the belief of a analysis reclaim methodology.
References
[2] “Functional Analysis Automation for IP, Bridging the Gap Amid IP Developers and IP Integrators”, http://www.verisity.com/html/technical_papers.htm
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