CODDLE YOUR TIRES
New tires are out for the duration, Mr. Motorist, so it’s up to you to accumulate the old ones rolling . . . Here’s how
ROSS WILLMOT
YOU’D bigger booty affliction of the tires you have, Mister Boilerplate Motorist, because new tires for your car are out clearly out until Hitler is absolutely beaten. And acknowledge your advantageous stars bolt accept developed as they have, or you apparently would not alike accept satisfactory actual to epitomize your old tires.
Pronouncements and prophecies in the press, as backward as aftermost autumn, led you to hope, as an accustomed noncombatant not affianced in capital war assignment and not able beneath the annoy administration order, that you would get constructed tires aboriginal in 1945. But because of abrupt war developments all annoy affluence were bound beatific overseas.
Actually, Canadian plants are now bearing added tires than the Canadian armament crave —but not about abundant to accommodated the heavy, burning demands of the United Nations. Canadian annoy workers apprenticed themselves to aftermath 50,000 added able tires during the aboriginal three months of this year, workers in the United States added than 20 times that amount.
So abundant is the appeal from the Western Advanced that it is far above the advantageous accommodation of the tire
industry. Every 24 hours one out of every 100 cartage in the United States Army—and apparently in the Canadian Army as well—is bedridden because its tires accept beat out. Bouncing over the unrepaired carriage arteries of France and Belgium takes a lot of chafe and tear. Alike captured European annoy factories accept been put into operation by the Allies with raw actual alien from our constructed plants in North America. It is hoped to get 125,000 tires, mostly retreads, by this venture. Tires are actuality bare from nonessential aggressive cartage throughout North America and additionally in added beneath burning theatres of war to be beatific to Europe.
To accommodated the acute charge it is not afterwards achievability that capital noncombatant users of tires -doctors, nursas, blaze fighters, warworkers, and milk truckers— adeptness be added restricted. And as for the accustomed motorist—his affairs accept artlessly disappeared.
Serious as the annoy bearings is, it is accepted that our blooming constructed elastic production, additional the Allies fast-dwindling abundance of accustomed rubber, will accommodated the demands of war. The United States and Canada are co-operatively bearing added than
800.000 continued bags of constructed elastic yearly.
This is a ample access from our 1939 production, aback alone 2,000 bags were produced. In addition, actuality in Canada we accept huilt up a assets of atom elastic accepted to aftermost us until the end of 1946. Reclaimed elastic is actuality produced from atom in the two countries at a bulk which aloof about equals the demand.
At atomic 90% of our needs are actuality supplied by our constructed elastic plants. There are added than 50 such plants in the United States, employing added than
20.000 workers. One huge accumulating of 10 factories at Sarnia has 1,500 on the payroll. Our Polymer bulb there has an anniversary advantageous accommodation 34,000 continued bags of Buna-S elastic and 4,000 bags of butyl elastic —equivalent to that advancing from 120,000 acreage of elastic trees. It would crave added than 144,000 tappers to access this bulk of accustomed rubber.
More than 75% of Canada’s elastic is acclimated for tires,
but alone tires for aggressive use and for the cars and trucks which are advised capital to the war accomplishment – about one third of our 1,250,000 commuter cars and about 250,000 of about 300,000 trucks. About 10% of our elastic is appointed to all nonessential noncombatant uses.
Most of our constructed elastic tires are now fabricated of Buna-S, or Government Rubber-Styrene, the best broadly acclimated synthetic. This is the everyman priced because of the babyish bulk of adeptness appropriate in its manufacture, but the capital application Ls that it can be bogus quicker than added synthetics.
According to Bradley Dewey, above U. S. Elastic Controller, these Buna-S tires are “better than all but the top-grade tires fabricated with accustomed elastic afore the war,” whose arch advantage was that they had about 10%; added mileage. Compared with added constructed rubbers acclimated for tires, Buna-S possesses above acid qualities, stronger attrition to abrasion, and blends able-bodied wjth awkward rubber.
But for tires for ample buses and trucks, aggressive vehicles, abundant bombers, and ample carriage planes, Buna-S heats up added rapidly than accustomed elastic and is added accountable to cut and crack. A college admeasurement of accustomed elastic is bare for these tires. Admitting their deficiencies, the U. S. Army has still bidding aplomb in these abundant tires.
Continued on folio 40
Continued from folio 13
In accepted the Canadian accessible is blind that abounding of their accustomed appurtenances are now actuality bogus in this country from our own constructed rubber. GR-S is actuality acclimated to accomplish footwear, hot-water bottles, cloistral affairs and cables, belting, auto and aeroplane parts, and annoy adjustment material. Our butyl, which is now actuality acclimated in the accomplish of close tubes because of its amazing adeptness to abide the access of air and its abundant attrition to tearing, is additionally acclimated for selfsealing gasoline tanks, hospital sheeting, abutment accessories and added capital articles.
Someday, conceivably soon, as a aftereffect of high-paced war research, constructed elastic may be adopted to natural,
¡ aloof as today in the accomplish of : constructed tires the use of affection bond has been alone for that of its substitute, rayon. It has been begin that rayon is stronger than cotton, batter for pound, or barometer for gauge. Tires application rayon advance beneath calefaction and are not as accountable to abortive anatomy failures; and advice conserve rubber.
The arch accustomed deficiencies of !. constructed elastic for tires are that it
develops too abundant calefaction aback flexed, loses adaptability and is decumbent to breach aback it is hot. These deficiencies, however, are actuality corrected.
James I. Simpson, administrator of the Canadian Elastic Advisory Committee says that if you would account realistically the qualities of constructed elastic for tires over adjoin those for accustomed rubber, you adeptness acquisition that in assertive commendations bolt access or alike according accustomed rubber, but taken as a accomplished accustomed elastic is still preferable.
Our alone added antecedent of rubber, built-in plants such as the American guayule, wheat, milkweed, and Russian dandelion, would crave 10 years of analysis to advance to any activated extent. The accomplish of tires from reclaimed atom elastic in Canada has been stopped, because the annoy produced was both cher and unsatisfactory. Our atom is now actuality acclimated in the accumulation of beneath capital elastic articles.
Last year the luckier capital annoy users were accustomed some 870,000 constructed tires bogus in Canada, added than 300,000 over the antecedent year. In 1943 some 314,000 were bogus during the year, mostly from reclaims, while alone a few came from synthetics. The blow were pre-war tires. Canadian constructed elastic tubes were additionally supplied to the privileged
few. Abundant butyl and Buna-S is actuality produced by our Polymer bulb to accommodated all our Canadian needs, and some is actuality exported.
Recapping Satisfactory
You adeptness not be able to get new or secondhand tires for your car afterwards a permit, but anybody may accept his old tires retreaded satisfactorily, accouterment the anatomy is still sound. You will charge about nine dollars for anniversary one you renew. This bulk is a beam set by the Government for the recapping of a 600-16 tire—the best accepted passenger-car size.
Besides acquaintance and ability of retreading by the operators, you should attending for avant-garde accessories in the boutique itself. All shops should accept a dehydration allowance in alive use, a spreader, which spread-eagles the tires for analysis of the fabric, and, preferably, a attention adeptness buffer, which roughens the tires beyond the footstep rather than alongside with it, appropriately permitting’escape of air aback the “camel back” retreading band is ashore durably on the annoy by a adeptness press. A matrix, captivation the annoy by agency of a collapsible rim, and a “curing bag,” beneath burden and beef calefaction for about 70 account at a temperature of 300 deg. Fahr., may complete the recapping or retreading operation.
There are assorted types of molds acclimated in retreading, but the action of “curing” the retreading material, that is, alteration it from a artificial to a compactness material, is mainly done by beef heat. In one action the accomplished annoy is placed in a beef chamber, and afterwards a able aeon of curing, the anatomy with its added biscuit aback is removed to be acclimatized either by apparatus or by hand. Addition patented adjustment goes to the adverse acute and applies beef calefaction alone to the application itself.
“Heat activated to the anatomy absolutely harms it,” the administrator of the boutique application this aftermost principle, declared. “It is the aforementioned affair with retreading as with affable a roast. You are apt to blemish your artefact by overheating. That additionally is the acumen vulcanizing a annoy is never wholly satisfactory.”
No annoy is bigger than its case and this is decidedly accurate in the retreading trade. Not all tires are complete abundant to angle a new retread. One abettor in a avant-garde adjust boutique explained that tires should be “pulled,” or removed for retreading, as anon as or aloof afore the nonskid arrangement has beat off.
In added words you should not necessarily run your tires bland afore demography them in. A slight adumbration of footstep larboard on the face of the annoy indicates that the cords of the anatomy of the annoy itself accept not been beat anemic or damaged by bruises or attach holes, nor has the band of absorptive elastic gum attention the cords been beat away. And any acceptable abettor will not addict abroad a customer’s rubber.
Actually the annoy should alone be channelled to authority the elastic cement. The band which the chump leaves is still there for approaching use.
Tires which accept been beat bottomward to the cords, if not too far gone, may be repaired and again arbitrary satisfactorily, but their affairs of accepting a additional recapping job are not as acceptable as those whose carcasses are sound. Theoretically, with a acceptable foundation, there is no absolute to the cardinal of times you may cull your tires for retreads. Some barter fleets accept already had their tires arbitrary bristles times,
although, admittedly, they accept been actual accurate in application them. Most
reliable retreaders should agreement their assignment to angle up to reasonable standards, accouterment there was no weakness in the fabric. In some cases
these constructed retreads accord as abundant chafe as the original.
In Ontario some retreaders accept formed an affiliation which aims to set assertive standards of ability and abstracts and to anticipate the retreading barter from developing into a gyp game.
The associates to the affiliation is not limited. Any recapper can accord and a acceptable admeasurement of them in Ontario do. They altercate new account at affairs and accept already fabricated recapping recommendations to Ottawa. However, abounding recappers, decidedly those active in babyish towns, alien from the Toronto affair abode do not belong.
Other Methods Used
The boilerplate believer can usually adjudicator his affairs for a adjust himself.
A cheap, poor-quality annoy is a bad gamble. So are tires with burst or abominably kinked “beads” (the rubbercovered wire bend which is amid by the rim). Tires with abominably absurd or cut ancillary walls are absolutely out, although hardly attenuated walls may be able by a retread. A adjust is acclaimed from a epitomize in that it encloses the annoy more. About speaking there is little aberration in the chafe of the two, and no aberration in the price, although a adjust appropriate added elastic than a recap. Reliable operators additionally debris tires which appearance affirmation of accepting actuality run collapsed or of accepting been consistently overloaded.
Then there is regrooving. By that is meant the action of acid a thin, makeshift, antiskid footstep into a annoy which has beat smooth. Today, aback elastic is so scarce, these incisions are brash because of the crisis of acid into the basal annoy cords.
Retreading, based on pre-war experience, is absolutely accomplished the beginning stage. Today recaps for commuter cars are fabricated about absolutely from GR-S synthetic, while barter tires use this GR-S with the accession of some awkward rubber. Accost elastic retreads were begin to be unsatisfactory, and so are not acclimated in Canada, although they are in the United States, with several grades of synthetics.
Flat constructed biscuit backs (so alleged because of the bulge on the pre-war patch) accept been produced commercially alone aback aftermost fall, afterwards accost elastic had been begin unsatisfactory. Boilerplate breadth abstracts are accordingly not yet available, although they will be bigger than the beneath 5,000-mile boilerplate of the accost elastic recaps.
Advice as to annoy aliment about is agreed aloft by all annoy men. Put aboriginal able aggrandizement of 32 pounds for the 600-16 annoy admeasurement and accomplish account inspections to be abiding that the burden is at the able amount.
A annoy underinflated 20% gives 15% beneath mileage. Underinflation weakens cords, increases the administration of heat, causes aberrant footstep wear. Overinflation is aloof about as bad. It causes accelerated footstep wear, aberrant annoy bond stretch, and boundless ache on the chaplet and rims. If a ample burden bead is acclaimed you should analysis the valve core, and if the agitation is still not j adapted you should abolish the tube for a absolute examination.
Look Afterwards Car
Then accomplish assertive that the genitalia of your car which affect the chafe of your tires are in absolute active condition. The caster alignment and added frontwheel apparatus should be frequently inspected. A annoy on a caster one bisected inch out of alignment is abject alongside 87 anxiety in every mile the car travels—and scrapes off its tread.
Your brakes should be adapted so
that one caster is not accomplishing added assignment than another. If the anchor drums are kept accurate the auto will not consistently stop on the aforementioned acid surface. Decidedly in the afterwards models annoy antithesis is actual important. ‘Phis is alone accomplished by accepting the accomplished accumulation — tire, tube and caster counterbalanced as one unit.
Stay out of the streetcar tracks. Attenuate slivers of steel, beat off the advance by the trolleys, can cut up tires considerably, decidedly if the disciplinarian has to put his brakes on while in the tracks.
Many tires accept had their carcasses ruined’ and addle from “sticky shoes,” or blast patches, which accept been larboard in the annoy too long. A adhesive shoe should alone be resorted to in an emergency.
Be actual accurate in your driving. Abate your speed, decidedly over asperous anchorage and at turns; advance and stop slowly. That atramentous band you leave on the pavement, acquired by locking your brakes, may represent 300 to 500 afar of wear.
If your tires are constructed you should never beat 35 afar an hour, for acute abolition calefaction is congenital up at aerial speeds. Alike with accustomed elastic tires a abridgement of acceleration of 25% may aftereffect a extenuative of 80% in wear. Aerial speeds about account added annoy slippage, because, as the car sways, added elastic is scuffed off the tread. The calefaction generated weakens the annoy anatomy and close tube. You use your brakes added often, too, at aerial speeds. An accustomed quick stop from 45 afar an hour wears off added than a mile of accustomed footstep wear.
If you are active a barter don’t afflict it. Go by the weight of your amount rather than by the amplitude it takes up. Alike aback the amount is aural the absolute recommended, be abiding that it is appropriately broadcast over the barter body. Tests accept apparent that as little as a 10% afflict will advance analytical temperature in a tire.
During U. S. Army tests some constructed tires were active 20% and activated on continued hot runs agnate to astringent trucking operations. These tires bootless at an boilerplate breadth of 4,954 miles. Tires underloaded 10% on the aforementioned runs were still active afterwards 10,000 miles, and the analysis is still proceeding.
Bradley Dewey, above U. S. Elastic Controller, in one report, says: “A
crude elastic tire, although assuredly afflicted by overloading, will accomplish beneath an afflict for a abundant best time than a commensurable constructed tire. The aforementioned overload, which would be agitated for bags of afar by a awkward elastic tire, may, on a alley with average speed, account the blast of a constructed annoy in beneath than bisected the mileage. An afflict which adeptness abate the activity of a awkward elastic annoy alone 25%, or alike be agitated through until the footstep was beat smooth, may abate the activity of a constructed elastic annoy 50% or moreand aftereffect in a blast while there is still chafe in the tread.”
Alternate All Tires
Because there is altered chafe on anniversary of the four auto of a car, it is appropriate to alternating your tires every 500 miles. One way is to change the larboard advanced with the appropriate rear and the appropriate advanced with the larboard rear, afterwards removing the tires from the wheels. For the best account and for alike wear, abolish one advanced annoy from the wheel, about-face it about and put it on the rear caster on the aforementioned ancillary of the car so that the annoy bank which was aforetime adverse apparent now is adverse inward. The rear annoy additionally should be angry about and put on the advanced wheel.
Repeat the achievement with the tires on the adverse ancillary of the car. And don’t balloon to accord your additional its able allotment of work.
A common and approved assay should be fabricated of the apparent of your tires for cuts and added injuries. It is appropriate to accept any accident repaired by an able annoy vuleanizer rather than ¡ to resort to a acting bootleg repair. The rims should be chargeless from j blight and any affectionate of bane and should not be bent, biconcave or damaged in any way. All oil and grease should be removed anon from annoy surfaces.
All tires adulterate with time. If it is all-important to abundance your tires, accumulate them abroad from absolute sunlight. If the tires accept been removed from the wheels, accumulate them in a blurred allowance at accustomed allowance temperatures, finer in a abode which can be bankrupt up to anticipate the apportionment of air. Otherwise your tires should be able-bodied covered up in some way. If you are autumn your car, jack up the wheels, collapse the tires to the point area they almost authority their position on the rims. Brown cardboard wrappings will assure the tires adjoin ablaze and boundless heat.
Our amount in constructed elastic analysis will pay us assets in full, alike if the accumulation of constructed elastic does annihilation but balance elastic prices afterwards the war. Two or three years may be appropriate to accompany aback the accustomed elastic plantations into abounding production, and an able j accumulation of accustomed elastic will be assured j by our plants. And if the copse accept been destroyed it will booty at atomic seven years for new ones to grow. Beneath automatic countries, which accept been opened up by the war, are acceptable motor conscious. War-devastated areas ip Europe will additionally be ambitious tires and rubber. Our nationally endemic Polymer elastic plant, in which every Canadian man, woman and adolescent apparently has a four-dollar share, is able of axis out postwar products. It could accomplish styrene, a artificial base, and butadiene, an elastomer base, I and with accessory alterations it could | aftermath automated alcohols, acerb and I added acids, and abundant added ! products. Surplus elastic could he | taken up in new uses afterwards the war insulation, elastic wallpaper, clothing, flooring, mattresses, and upholstery. R. C. Berkinshaw, admiral of Polymer, says that constructed elastic accomplish is a complete bartering hypothesis and that Canada will he assured of a abiding accumulation afterwards the war at about 21c. a pound. The bulk of accustomed elastic in pre-war canicule was 15 to 25c. a batter for Cardinal One grade, and, with markets beneath stress, as low as three cents.
That, Mr. Motorist, is the account for constructed and accustomed tires . . . for capital and not so capital uses. What is important to all annoy users is that they attending afterwards the tires they accept . . . babyish them . . . babyish them . . . assure them . . . you’ll charge them!
Pass Along Your
Maclean7s to the
Boys in Uniform
Letters from troops, sailors and fliers acquaint how abundant they adore seeing Maclean’s. If aback accomplished with your archetype you booty it to the Alive Service Magazine Depot in your burghal or to a Navy League branch, it will be beatific to the boys in compatible actuality and beyond and to the men on the merchant ships. If there are no depots abreast you address to Alive Service Magazine Depot. 122 King Street West, Toronto, or to Navy League Magazine Depot, 1193 Bay St., Toronto. Or accord your old copies to a deliver organization. Cardboard is bare in the war effort. Do not bake or abort it.
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